Introduction

This tenth edition of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report provides an independent scientific assessment of how countries’ climate pledges and actions are affecting the global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) trend, comparing it with the emission reductions necessary to limit global warming to well below 2°C and 1.5°C in accordance with the Paris Agreement. This difference between where we are likely to be by 2030 and where we need to be has become known as the ‘emissions gap’.

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